写作方法英语怎么说
写作方法英语怎么说篇一:英语写作手法
许多考生反映自己的英语写作要么十分“中文式”,全无英语的味道,要么就是作文干巴巴的显得没有一点文采。其实英文写作和汉语写作在修辞方面还是存在许多共同之处的。要使自己的英语作文显得有文采,考生就要在英语写作中尝试采用有效的修辞手法,下面就介绍几种修辞方法:
一、比喻(the figures of speech)
比喻是语言艺术的升华。
英语中常见的比喻方法有三种明
喻、隐喻和借喻。
1.明喻(the simile)
格式:本体 + 显著比喻词(like/as/as if) + 喻体
常用介词like 、连词as,as if,asso、动词seem等以及句型Ato B asCtoD等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。
例如:
(1)Teacher, you are like the sun, but more magnificent, andmorebrillant. 老师,您像太阳,又比太阳更灿烂更辉煌。
(2)Your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as nobleaspine trees! All praise to you, our belovedteacher.您的心灵像雪一样纯净,您的人格像青松一般高洁!赞美您,敬爱的老师。
英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外,还有许多常用的明喻习语。例如:
(1)as clear as crystal清如水晶
(2)as weak as water软弱无力
这类利用类似汉语的押韵和叠声增加语言的美感。与此同时,又可以使语言短小精悍,表达生动、形象。
2.隐喻(the metaphor)
格是:本体 + is/are + 喻体
例如:
(1)Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh myfriend,what I scoop up from the river is all yearning ofyou.时间是河、记忆如水,朋友,我从河里捧起来的都是对你的思念。
(2)Time is money. 时间就是金钱。
注意:英语中存在着许多数词习语和俚语,用作隐喻(也有个别用作明喻)。例如 :
(1)You are one in a million.你真是人见人爱。
(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。
(3)This film star is a nine days wonder; I doubt whetheranyonewill remr her in ayearstime.这位电影明星现在红极一时(也指昙花一现),但我认为一年以后人们不见得还记得她。
注意:英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如:
(1)to teach fish to swim 班门弄斧
(2)to plough the sand 白费力气
(3)up the tree骑虎难下;lame duck强弩之末;above board光明正大
3.借喻(the metonymy)
格式:直接用比喻事物代替本体事物
例如:
(1)The buses in America are on strikenow.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses喻指司机drivers)。
(2)The pen is mightier thanthesword.文人胜于武士(以pen,sword喻指使用这物的人)。英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字,除本义外,常可转借喻人,形象生动,意味隽永。例如:
(1)She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花(以虫喻人)。 (接下页)
二、借代(the synecdoche)
借用一个名称来代替另一事物。替代的方式可以是人、物互代,部分和全体互代,单数代复数,描象代替具体或具体代替抽象等等。例如:
(1)Uncle Sam will not help us.美国人不会帮助我们。(用Uncle Sam代替船美国人本身)
(2)You can depend on him for help whenever youre in tourble.Hesa true blue.你遇到麻烦时尽管去找他帮忙,他是一个靠得住的忠实朋友。(用trueblue代替真金烈火,忠诚可靠的)
使用借代修辞方式要选用最突出最明显的事物特征来代替事物名称。借代运用得好,能使语言表达简洁明快、具体、形象,以避免重复、累赘,并给人以新鲜感。
三、夸张(the exaggeration)
把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张。
例如:
(1)Thank you a thousand.千恩万谢。
英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发 。
四、拟人(the personifjcation)
就是把无生命的事物人格化。
例如:
(1)Books are a guide in youth and an entertainment for age.Theysupport us under solitude, and keep us from being a burdentoourselves.书籍是青年人的指南、老年人的娱乐。孤寂时,书籍给我们力量,使我们摆脱精神负担。
(2)Love is the master key that opens the gatesofhappiness.爱是开启幸福之门的万能钥匙。
拟人用法在英语写作中运用得好,不仅使语言表达得生动、有力,而且给人以亲切、实在、耳目一新的感受。
五、排比
把结构相同或相似、语气一致、意思密切相关联的句子或句子成分排列起来,使句式得到增强,感情得到加深,这种修辞叫排比。
例如:
(1)You are overwhelming jade, as white as snow, as smoothandmoist as grease, as brilliant as candles, and as firmasrock.你洁白如雪,润泽如脂,你光辉如烛,坚贞如磐,你是令人倾心的美玉。
(2)You are in my mind and in my heart. You are in the very airIbreathe. You are part ofme.Forever.你占据了我整个思绪和心灵;你在我呼吸的空气里;你永远是我的一部分。
此外,在英语的具体写作过程当中,我们可以运用恰当的抒情手法来进行写作,达到以情动人的效果。下面就以2005年6月份四级考试作文为例,进行写作。
提纲要求:
In honor of teachers on the occasion of Teacher’s Day
向老师致以节日祝贺
从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献
我如何回报老师的关爱
范文:Dear Miss Zhang,I’m not the best student of yours, butyou’rethe most respected teacher of mine. On this special occasionforyou, what I can dedicate is my highest consideration andearnestblessings. May you be happy; may all of your life be fullofhappiness, joy as well as sweetness.I still remred clearly thattheday I was crying with a heavy heart because I failed to passtheexamination. I didn’t know what to do and where to go, just likeabird lost its way. Teacher, it was you who lighted the beaconofhope in my heart in the dark night. Your warm
words,affectionateeyes, which dispelled the cold winter from my heart andkindled theflame of hope as well. And I still remred that theplatform, thedesks, the springs and autumns, all witness the flowerpetals ofyour heart. The buds, the seedlings, the spring flowersand fallfruits, all owe to your sincere devotion.In my view, all Iwant todo is to make the best of every day, and come a littlecloser towhat I dream of. Furthermore, I must not relax my effortsto be thebest I can be and do the best I can do.Bestwishes,Andy.(编辑:赵露) 2
1.Simile 明喻
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻
4.Synecdoche 提喻
5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
6.Personification 拟人
7.Hyperbole 夸张
8.Parallelism 排比, 平行
9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
10.Allegory 讽喻,比方(原意“寓言”)
11.Irony 反语
12.Pun 双关
13.Parody 仿拟
14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问(反问)
15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶
16.Paradox 隽语
17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
18.Climax 渐进法,层进法
19.Anticlimax 渐降法
写作方法英语怎么说篇二:英语说明文的写作方法
1.罗列法(listing)
在文章开始(来自:WWw.HnnscY.com 博文 学习 网:写作方法英语怎么说)时提出需要说明的东西和观点,然后常用first,second,…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。
罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落,我们可以注意模仿学习
There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all, …Secondly, …And finally, …
We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all, …Secondly, …And finally, 必须指出的是,有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first, second…等词,但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。
2.举例法(examples)
举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思,常用for example, for instance, still another example is…等词语引出
举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用:即用罗列法来列出例子,用例子充实罗列的说明。
3.比较法(comparison and contrast)
比较法是对两个对象进行比较,从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点(comparison)和比较不同点(contrast)两种方法
在比较相同点的时候,常用到similarly,also,too,in the same case,in spite of the difference等这样的词语。 however,on the other hand,in contrast,but,nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。
4.定义法(definition)
定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法,特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是
被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语 比如
A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on(以…为食品)fruit and insects but is not a bird.
5.顺序法(sequence of time,space and process)
顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平,用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义,用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。
6.分类法(classification)分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested, that is, some books are to be read only in parts, others to be read, but not curiously,and some f ew to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy,
and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments,
and the meaner sort of books…
写作方法英语怎么说篇三:月份的英语写法
月份的英语写法
一月 January 二月 February 三月 Marcy
四月 April 五月 May 六月 June
七月 July八月 August 九月 September
十月 October十一月 November 十二月 December
基词和序词
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾各是t , d , d .
th, 四加起,八去t , 九去e , y 结尾改 ie.
ve结尾变f , five ,twelve 是两兄弟。
若是遇到几十几,只变各位就可以。
基数词变序数词口诀版本二:
一、二、三,单独记;八去t,九除e, ve要用f替,整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie;要是遇到两位数,十位基数个位序,th最后加上去。
解析口诀:one→first, two→second, three→third这三个词变化特殊,要单独记;eight→eighth, nine→ninth, 八去t,九去e后再加-th; five→fifth, twelve→twelfth,五、十二把ve换成f再加-th;twenty→twentieth,
thirty→thirtieth... 整十先把词尾y改为ie再加-th。两位数时则十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,如:twenty-first。
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one twenty-two twenty-three twenty-four twenty- five twenty-six twenty- seventwenty-eight twenty- nine thirty
first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth ten eleventh twelfththirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth twenty-first twenty-tsecond twenty-third
twenty-fourth twenty- fifthtwenty-sixth twenty- seventh twenty-eighth twenty- ninth thirtieth
星期的英语单词
Monday 星期一 Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday 星期三
Thursday 星期四 Friday 星期五 Saturday 星期六
Sunday 星期天