2016职称英语考试答案

2016职称英语考试答案篇一：2016职称英语考试真题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、Have you talked to her?lately?

A.lastly

B.finally

C.shortly

D.recently

2、 About?one quarter of?the workers in the country are employed in factories.

A.third

B.fourth

C.tenth

D.fifteenth

3、 The dentist has decided to?extract?her bad tooth.

A.take out

B.repair

C.push in

D.dig

4、 We shall keep the money in a?secure?place.

A.clean

B.secret

C.distant

D.safe

5、 This table is strong and?durable.

A.long-lasting

B.extensive

C.far reaching

D.eternal

6、 He endured agonies before he finally?expired.

A.fired

B.resigned

C.died

D.retreated

7、 There are only five minutes left, but the?outcome?of the match is still in doubt.

A.result

B.judgement

C.estimation

D.event

8、 The great changes of the city?astonished?every visitor to that city

A.attacked

B.surprised

C.attracted D.interested 9、 How do you?account for?your absence from the class last Thursday? A.explain B.examine C.choose D.expand 10、 She was?grateful?to him for being so good to her. A.careful B.hateful C.beautiful D.thankful 11、 The city has decided to?do away with?all the old buildings in its center. A.get rid of B.set up C.repair D.paint 12、 People from many places were?drawn?to the city by its growing economy. A.fetched B.carried C.attracted D.pushed 13、 He is?certain?that the dictionary is just what I want. A.sure B.angry C.doubtful D.worried 14、 Our lives are?intimately?bound up with theirs. A.tensely B.nearly C.carefully D.closely 15、 The soldier?displayed?remarkable courage in the battle. A.placed B.showed C.pointed

D.decided

第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信患，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

回答16-22题：

Easy Learning

Students should be jealous.Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they’ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.

By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words.Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.

To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives.They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds—one that sounds like “oo”, another like “ee” and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between.EEG recordings of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.

Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups.One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.

When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who’d heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.

Cheour doesn’t know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don’t “turn off” their cerebral cortex while they sleep.The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she adds—so forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow.But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.

Babies can learn language even in their sleep.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

17、 An infant can recognize a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

18、 Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

19、 The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

20、 The study shows that the infant’s cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 21、 If an adult wants to learn a language faster.he c(来自:www.hnnSCY.cOm 博文学习 网:2016职称英语考试答案)an put a language tape under his pillow. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 22、 Cheour’s finding is worthless. A.Right B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

回答23-30题：

Screen Test

Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer.If this happens early ecough, the disease can often be treated successfully.According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes.Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.

But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer.Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.

Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics.After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.

The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal.The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led, to a lower figure of 20 cancers.

The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.

But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation.The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique” for breast cancer screening.

“There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks.” admits Michael Clark of the NRP

B.But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution.“On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life.That’s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.”Paragraph 2_____

24、 Paragraph 3_____

25、 Paragraph 4_____

26、 Paragraph 5_____

A.Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman

B.Investigating the Effect of Screening

C.Effects Predicted by Two Different Models

D.Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation

E.Treatment of Cancers

F.Factors That Trigger Cancers

27、 Early discovery of breast cancer may_____.

28、 Advantages of screening women under 50 are_____.

29、 Delaying the age at which screening starts may_____.

30、 Radiation exposure should be_____.

A.be costly

B.harmful

C.save a life

D.still open to debate

E.reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer

F.reduced to the minimum

第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

回答31-45题：

Psychology of Shopping

People can be addicted to different things -- e.g.alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television.People who have such addition are compulsive, i.e.they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must spend money.This compulsion, like most others, is irrational- impossible to explain reasonably.For compulsive spenders who buy on credit,charge accounts are even more exciting than money.

In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything.Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.There is special psychology of bargain hunting.To save money, 0f course,most people search for sales, low prices and discounts.Compulsive bargain hunters, however,often buy things they don't need just only because they are cheap.They believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winners.Most people, experts claim,have two reasons for their

2016职称英语考试答案篇二：2016年职称英语真题及答案(理工A)

2016职称英语真题及答案(理工A)

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 A. honest B.qualifiedC. enabled D.clever A. listsB. includesC. borrows D.broadens A. severeB.hardC.warmD. dry A. gradeB.attractC. bear D. suffer A.old B.bigC. newD.small A. uncontrollable B. pleasantC. cloudy D. unbearable A. keep B. readC. understand D. obey A. seriouslyB. cleverlyC. attentivelyD. carefully A.especially B.whollyC. totallyD. fairly A.unclear B.obviousC. clearD. direct A. disturbing B. connectingC.movingD.waving A. stableB. suitableC.changeableD.adaptable A. decorateB.changeC. visit D.water

A. outstanding B. realC. creative D. false A. clothesB.haircutC. purseD.necklace

答案：BBCCA BDBAA CCDBA

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

The Greatest of Victorian Engineers

In the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel,whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.

The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口) occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.

While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton.The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel's design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however,

exacerbated(加剧) by social uest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again,partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer.The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is ofSydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.

16. Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.

A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

17. Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.

A. Right B.WrongC. Not mentioned

18.Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.

A. RightB.Wrong C. Not mentioned

19.Brunel's work was largely ignored by his colleagues.

A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

20.Someprojects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.

A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

21. Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.

A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

22. The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.

A. RightB.Wrong C. Not mentioned

答案：BBBCAAC

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

Geothermal（地热）Energy

1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones， the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way， it transfers to the next

layer of rock. If the temperatureis high enough， some of this rock melts and forms magma（岩浆）.The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often remains well below the earth's surface， creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions， there are deep cracks， which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hot spring.However， if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable（不可渗透的）rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally， and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.

2。A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam butlittle or no water. In these cases，the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant， constructed at LardarelloinItaly， was of this type， and isstill producing electricity today.

3。Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either“flash"steam plants or binary（双重的）plants。 Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300° to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir， it" flashes" or boils into steam Again， the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir.Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.

4。A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant， the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.

23.Paragraph 1_______

24.Paragraph 2____

25.Paragraph 3_____

A. Recyclable water and steam

B.Binary plants

C.Flash steam plants

D. Generation of electricity

E. Origin of geothermal energy

F. Dry steam plants 28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with_____.

29. Flash plants produce hot water through______.

30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into____.

A. hot springs

B. impermeable rock

C.little or no water

D.turbine operator

E. one or two separators

F. the energy to turn aturbine

答案：EFCB ＢＤＥＦ

阅读理解

第一篇

Sports Star Yao Ming

If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world,he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.

But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess (杰出的才能) but also for being a symbol of international commerce.

When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick inthe 2002 NBA draft (选拔), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court

2016职称英语考试答案篇三：2016年职称英语考试真题理工类A级答案完整版

2016年职称英语考试真题理工类A级考试真题及答案

一、下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.

A. honest B.qualified C. enabled D.clever

2. The latest car model embodies thenew research development.

A. listsB. includes C. borrowsD.broadens

3. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extreme

A. severe B.hard C.warmD. dry

4. Sheis an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time.

A. gradeB.attract C. bear D. suffer

5. Hewore a shabby thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.

A.old B.big C. newD.small

6. The weather was so gorgeous thatmany people went outing.

A. uncontrollableB. pleasant C. cloudyD. unbearable

7. Competitors must abide by thejudge's decision

A. keepB. read C. understand D. obey

8. The umbrella was ingeniously devisedto fold up into the pocket.

A. seriously B. cleverly C. attentivelyD. carefully

9. Some newspapers in the west are notably biased.

A.especially B.wholly C. totallyD. fairly

10. His answers were obscure and confusing.

A.unclear B.obvious C. clear D. direct

11. The way she looked after her youngsister was really touching

A. disturbing B. connecting C.movingD.waving

12. We are worried about this fluid situationfull with uncertainty.

A. stable B. suitable C.changeable D.adaptable

13. They have built canals to irrigatethe desert.

A. decorate B.change C. visit D.water

14. The details of the costume were totally authentic.

A. outstanding B. real C. creativeD. false

15. The new garment fits herperfectly.

A．clothes B.haircut C. purseD.necklace

二、下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

The Greatest of Victorian Engineers

In the hundred years up to 1860, the workof a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous socialand economic change that we associate with the Industrial revolution inBritain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel,whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name justthree fields, both challenged and

motivated his colleagues. He was the driving forcebehind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted inworks which are still in use today. The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticedwith his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At theage of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. Thisimpressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasterswhen the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口) occurredin 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further workwas halted.

While recovering from his injuries, Brunelentered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civilengineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor ofhis own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held andBrunel's design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by socialuest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towerscompleted. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again,partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864.

Today, the well-knownClifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the OperaHouse is ofSydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bearsover four million motor vehicles a year.

16、Brunel was an important airplaneengineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.

A、Right B、Wrong C、Not mentioned (以下同)

17、Brunel was involved less in railwayconstruction than in other engineering fields.

18、Brunelworked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.

19、Brunelwork was largely ignored by his colleagues.

20、Someprojects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.

21、Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.

22、The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects underta ken in Britain.

三、下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题；(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Geothermal（地热）Energy

1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions tocooler ones， the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towardsthe surface。 In this way， it transfers to the next layer of rock。 If the temperatureis high enough， some of this rock melts and forms magma（岩浆）。The magmaascends in its turn towards the earth's surface。 It often remains well below the earth's surface， creating vast areasof hot rock。 In such regions， there are deep cracks， which allow rainwater to descend underground。 Some of the heatedrainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hotspring。 However， if this scendinghot water reaches a layer of impermeable（不可渗透的）rock， it remains trapped，forming a geothermal reservoir。 If geothermalreservoirs are close enough to the surface，they can be reached by drilling wells。 Hot water and steamshoot up the wells naturally，and can be used to produce electricity in geothermalpower plants。

2。A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stemreservoirs which produce steam but little or no water。 In these cases， the steam is pipedup directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator。 The first geothermalpower plant， constructed at Lardarello in.Italy， was of this type， and is stillproducing electricity today。

3。Most currently operating geothermal power plants areeither "flash" steam plants or binary（双重的）plants。 Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging intemperature from 300° to 700°Fahrenheit。 This water is passed through one or two separators wherereleased from the pressure of the underground reservoir， it"flashes" or boils into steam Again，

the force of this steam provides the energy to spin theturbine and produce electricity。The geothermal water and steam are then reinjecteddirectly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of thereservoir。 Gradually they will be reheated and can then be usedagain。

4。A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is nothot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity inbinary fluid。 The steam from this is used to power the turbines。 As in the flashsteam plant， the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir。

23 Paragraph 1_________

A、Recyclable water and steam

B、Binary plants

C、Flash steam plants

D、Generation of electricity

E、Origin of geothermal energy

F、Dry steam plants

24 Paragraph 2_________ 25 Paragraph 3_________

26 Paragraph 4_________

27 A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under______.

A hot springs

B impermeable rock

C little or no water

D turbine operator

E one or two separators

F the energy to turn a turbine

28 A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with______.

29 Flash plants produce hot water through______.

30 In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into______.

四、下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

1Sports Star Yao Ming

If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he almost certainly the tallest.At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA)and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to competein the Game.

Butwhat really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any,Chinese athletes are as well-known asYao Ming around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, notonly for his basketball prowess(接杰出的才能)but also for being a symbol of international commerce. WhenYao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft he wasthe first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on thecourt are clear enough no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is ahandful (难对付的人）foropponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to theRockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge tomillions of potential basketball fans in China. When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season andpossibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折）in his left foot, a collective shudder spread across China. After considerabledebate and

discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in anoperation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to

offer hisoverburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though theestimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare withTeam China. Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics. Yaowrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of

traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process.Westernexperts are generally skeptical of TCM’s benefits, although new research from the University of Rochestersuggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulatebone repair.

“Thereis no reason to dismiss TCM, “Yao told a press conference in Beijing.

“It’s been used in our countryfor thousands of years. I don’t think that it’sshort on science.”

31、The word“towering”inParagraph 1 means

A large.B fat.C tall.D great.

32 Opponents find it very difficult to controlYao Ming because of his

A assault.B mobility.C defense.D celebrity.

33 Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCMtreatments because

A he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.

B his right foot had been hurting.

C the surgical operation had been a failure.

D he couldn't afford all the medicalexpenses.

34 Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?

A He is an NBA player.

B He fractured his left foot.

C Hemissed the Athens Olympics.

D He is an international figure.

35 In general, the Western experts' attitudetowards TCM is

A indifferent.

B positive.

C doubtful.

D negative

2Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化）

TheSahel zone lies between the Saharadesert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原）of northern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional ,andthis is a good description of

thesesemi-arid(半干旱）lands,whichoccupy much of the Western African countries of Mail,Mauritania,Niger,and Chad.

Unfortunately, over the last century theSahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land inagriculture use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recentlasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region.

The same process ofdesertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desertadvances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.

One ofthe major causes of this desert advance ispoor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population.Overgrazing一 keeping too many farm animals on the land means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water suppliesare exhausted. Overcultivation一 tryingto grow too many crops on poor land一 resultsin the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soilerosion (侵蚀) follows, and the land turns into